Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32067809/

J Pediatr Surg
. 2020 May;55(5):830-834. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.01.026. Epub 2020 Feb 14.
The development of multiorgan dysfunction in CDH-ECMO neonates is associated with the level of pre-ECMO support
Patrick T Delaplain 1, Louis Ehwerhemuepha 2, Danh V Nguyen 3, Matteo Di Nardo 4, Tim Jancelewicz 5, Saeed Awan 6, Peter T Yu 6, Yigit S Guner 6, ELSO CDH Interest Group
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32067809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.01.026
Abstract
Purpose: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is the most common indication for neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), but mortality remains at 50%. Multiorgan failure can occur in 25% and has been linked to worse outcomes. We sought to examine the factors that would increase the risk of multiorgan dysfunction (MOD).

Methods: The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) database was used to identify infants with CDH (2000-2015). The primary outcome was MOD, which was defined as the presence of organ failure in ≥2 organ systems. We used a multivariable logistic regression to examine the effect of demographics, pre-ECMO respiratory status, comorbidities, and therapies on MOD.

Results: There were a total of 4374 CDH infants who were treated with ECMO. Overall mortality was 52.4%. The risk models demonstrated that pre-ECMO cardiac arrest (OR 1.458, CI: 1.146-1.861, p = 0.002) and hand-bagging (OR 1.461, CI: 1.094-1.963, p = 0.032) had the strongest association with MOD. In addition, other pre-ECMO indicators of disease severity (pH, HFOV, MAP, 5-min APGAR) and pre-ECMO therapies (bicarb, neuromuscular [NM] blockers) were also associated with MOD.

Conclusions: The level of pre-ECMO support has a significant association with the development of MOD, and initiation of ECMO prior to arrest seems to be critical to avoid complications.

Type of study: Treatment study.

Level of evidence: Level III.

Keywords: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia; Extracorporeal life support (ECLS); Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); Multisystem organ failure.

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