Found this research study:

Nitrofen induces congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with lung hypoplasia and delayed lung development and maturation in rat embryos.

Nitrofen is a contact herbicide for pre and post emergence control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds on a variety of food ornamental crops. Nitrofen has been applied in approximately 25 states by growers of rice, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, brussel sprouts, onions, garlic, and celery. Nitrofen has also been used in nurseries growing roses and chrysanthemums and on rights-of-way. Nitrofen has not been used around homes and gardens. Control of annual broad-leaved and grass weeds pre-emergence or post-emergence in cereals, rice, sugar beet, and some ornamentals and vegetables.

Nitrofen may be released to the environment during its production and use as a pre- and post-emergence herbicide. However, nitrofen is no longer manufactured or sold in the US and Canada because of possible mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, although it has been used in other countries.


Abstarct findings can be found at:
http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB...1159/000091608